The film industry

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Process of making a film

  1. Coming up with the idea
  2. Finding a production company who likes the idea to then produce it.
  3. Screen writer writes and edits the script
  4. Costume designer 
  5. Finding a director, actors, other people who are going to work on the film. (camera men, sound, producer etc.)
  6. Finding locations, hiring crew
  7. Filming- director oversees everything, production design team create the overall visual, cinematographer oversees the camera, make up artists work with costume.
  8. Editing - sound editors, sound mixers.
  9. Marketing and advertising - websites, trailers, posters
  10. Release film
4 Stages of film:
  • Production
  • Distribution
  • Marketing
  • Exhibition/ Exchange
Production- creation of the film
  1. development - the script is written and drafted into a workable blueprint for a film.
  2. pre-production - preparations are made , cast and crew hired , locations selected, etc built. 
  3. production - film footage is shot
  4. post production - film is edited: production sounds is edited, music tracks are composed, performed and recorded; sound effects are designed and recorded; and any other computer-graphic 'visual' effects are digitally added, all sound elements are mixed into 'stems' then the stems are mixed the married to picture and the film is fully completed ('locked'). 
Distribution 
  • describes everything between production and how the film gets to an audience. 
  • film is screened for potential buyers, is picked up by a distributor, and a marketing and release plan are developed. This film is duplicated as required for distribution to cinemas. 
  • The business of getting films to their audiences by booking them for runs in cinemas and getting them there e.g. digital screens/reel films.  
  • It includes all of the financial deals done to get films shown and promoted. 

Marketing 

  • the business of creating campaigns promote films, eg posters, apps, television interviews. 
  • press kits, posters, and other advertising materials are published and the film is advertised. Films are usually released with a launch party, press release, interviews with the press, press preview screenings, and film festival screenings. Most films have a website and a trailer. 
Exhibition 
  • the way people consume films - e.g. showing films in cinemas or renting/buying DVD's or downloading films, piracy. 
  • about how the audience see the film, box office intake, reviews, awards etc. 
  • the film is released to cinemas for exhibition (or at this point occasionally straight to DVD, Blu-Ray, or direct download from a provider), in order to reach its cinema and/or home media audience. The film plays at selected cinemas and the DVD typically is released a few months later. 
Aim of film production = make a profit

Ownership
Dominated by major studios, each of which are subsidiaries of major media conglomerates. 
American film industry makes more money from international revenue ($30 billion) than domestic revenue ($10 billion).

 Implications of this ownership
  • concentration of media ownership (bias, stealth marketing)
  • ability to take bigger risks - bigger budgets - spectacle. 
Biggest Hollywood Studios
Warner Bros. 
Walt Disney Studios 
Paramount Pictures
Universal Pictures
Columbia Pictures
What is the studio parent/ main conglomerate?
Warner Bros.- WarnerMedia 
Walt Disney Studios - The Walt Disney Company 
Paramount Pictures - Viacom 
Universal Pictures - NBCUniversal 
Columbia Pictures - Sony Entertainment 

 There major studio unit
Warner Bros.- Burbank, California 
Walt Disney Studios - Burbank, California 
Paramount Pictures -Melrose Avenue, Hollywood, California
Universal Pictures - 100 Universal City Plaza Drive in Universal City, California
Columbia Pictures - Hollywood

 Date founded 
Warner Bros.- 4th April 1923
Walt Disney Studios - 16th October 1923
Paramount Pictures - 8th May 1912
Universal Pictures - 30th April 1912
Columbia Pictures - 10 January 1924

 Do they have an art house/indie sub strand?
Warner Bros. - Warner Independent Pictures,CNN Films, HBO Documentary Films 
Walt Disney Studios - Fox Searchlight Pictures (20th Century Fox), Fox 2000 Pictures, Hulu Documentary Films, NatGeo Films. 
Paramount Pictures -
Universal Pictures - Focus features, Working Title Films 

Columbia Pictures- Sony Pictures Classics

What companies do the parent companies own?
Warner Bros.- CNN, Cartoon Network, TNT, TBS, truTV, Adult Swim, Bleacher Report.
Walt Disney Studios - Marvel studios, ABC, Touchstone Pictures, Lucasfilms, Lifetime, ESPN, A+E Network.
Paramount Pictures -
Universal Pictures -

Columbia Pictures-

Do they have any animation?
Warner Bros.- Warner Bros. Animation
Walt Disney Studios - Walt Disney animation Studios 
Paramount Pictures - Paramount Animation 
Universal Pictures - Universal Animation Studios, DreamWorks Animation, Big Idea Entertainment, Illumination, NBCU Ent. Japan.

Columbia Pictures - Sony Pictures Animation, Madhouse, Manga Entertainment, Funimation Films.

What share of the market do they own?
Warner Bros.- 14.4%
Walt Disney Studios - 32.8%
Paramount Pictures - 4.7%
Universal Pictures - 13.6%

Columbia Pictures - 11.0% (including Sony)







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